Article 52: Massage and Daily Precautions for Oligospermia and an Overview of Azoospermia

◇A Guide to Caring for Your Husband's Health as a Good Wife◇

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Treatment and recuperation of common diseases

How to perform massage therapy

1. Before going to bed, lie on your back and rub your hands together to warm them. Then, use your right hand to massage your lower abdomen (Dantian) 100 times clockwise and 100 times counterclockwise. Do this once every night.

2. Lie flat on your back with your legs shoulder-width apart, breathe naturally, and place your hands on the inner thighs of the same side. Gently massage from the outermost to the innermost part of the thigh 5-6 times, then massage the testicles 5-6 times. Repeat this 20 times. Massage once before bed and once after waking up each day.

What should we pay attention to in daily life?

1. Try to eliminate unfavorable factors in life, avoid excessive sexual intercourse, avoid excessive mental stress, and eliminate anxiety and pessimism.

2. After each sexual intercourse, have the woman elevate her hips and lie on her back with her legs bent for at least one hour to prevent semen from flowing out prematurely, which is conducive to pregnancy.

3. Avoid stimulation from adverse factors and treat the primary disease, such as radiation, drugs, and infections of the gonads and accessory glands.

4. A light and nutritious diet is recommended, with plenty of fish, lean meat, fresh fruits, and vegetables. Avoid smoking, alcohol, and spicy or irritating foods.

Azoospermia

Azoospermia is defined as the absence of sperm in three separate microscopic examinations of semen obtained through external ejaculation or masturbation. It is further divided into two categories: true azoospermia and false azoospermia. The former refers to the inability of the testes to produce sperm, also known as congenital azoospermia; the latter refers to the ability of the testes to produce sperm, but the sperm cannot be expelled due to obstruction of the vas deferens, also known as obstructive azoospermia.

Causes of disease

There are two main types of causes for azoospermia. One is caused by a dysfunction in the sperm production function of the testes themselves. The other is that the sperm production function of the testes is normal, but due to obstruction of the vas deferens, the sperm produced by the testes cannot be expelled from the body, which is called obstructive azoospermia.

1. Causes of testicular spermatogenesis dysfunction:

(1) Anorchia.

(2) Bilateral cryptorchidism.

(3) Congenital seminiferous tubule hypoplasia.

(4) Viral orchitis secondary to mumps, as well as gonorrhea, syphilis, testicular tuberculosis, etc.

(5) Genital injuries, such as testicular injury or torsion, spermatic cord torsion, or trauma from hernia repair surgery or prostate surgery, can also lead to spermatogenesis disorders.

(6) Radiation exposure.

(7) Local high temperature in the testes.

(8) Edible crude cottonseed oil.

(9) Varicocele.

(10) Hypogonadism.

2. Causes of obstructive azoospermia:

(1) Congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens.

(2) Damage to the reproductive tract, such as urethral injury that was not repaired, or accidental injury to the spermatic cord during surgery that was not detected and repaired in time.

(3) Inflammation of the reproductive system: such as epididymitis, epididymal tuberculosis, prostatitis, seminal vesiculitis, etc. can all cause obstruction of the vas deferens.

(4) Benign tumors of the seminal vesicle, such as seminal vesicle cysts.

Factors affecting sperm growth, function, and survival

1. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are major enemies of sperm. Some men's bodies are quite sensitive to the toxins in cigarettes, and nicotine in cigarettes can kill sperm. If an adult male smokes 30 cigarettes a day, the sperm survival rate is only 40%, and the sperm abnormality rate increases. It is clear that long-term heavy smoking is one of the important factors leading to infertility. Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to decreased reproductive gland function, causing chromosomal abnormalities in sperm, which can result in fetal malformations or developmental problems.

2. Sperm growth requires a supply of nutrients. Some men have monotonous diets, are picky eaters, or dislike animal-based foods (such as meat, eggs, fish, and dairy products). Over time, this can lead to a decrease in zinc levels in the body. The trace element zinc is known as the "harmony element" for couples. Zinc deficiency in men can reduce libido and sexual function, decrease sperm count by 30% to 40%, and even cause infertility.

3. Sperm development requires a temperature lower than normal human body temperature. If a man has a habit of taking hot baths, it can reduce sperm count and lead to infertility.

4. Frequent sexual activity can lead to impotence and reduce the amount of sperm in each ejaculation.

5. Indiscriminate use of drugs or exposure to high doses of radiation can affect sperm growth, function, and survival. Frequent use of sedatives, antitumor drugs, chemical drugs such as busulfan, nitrofurans, and hormones can cause sperm growth disorders, sperm chromosome damage and breakage; excessive radiation exposure can also cause sperm chromosome aberrations. Therefore, men of reproductive age should avoid long-term and excessive exposure to these harmful substances and should not indiscriminately use drugs.

6. A poor mental state can directly affect the function of the nervous system and endocrine system, causing disorders in testicular spermatogenesis and potentially leading to infertility after marriage.

What are the symptoms?

Patients with azoospermia caused by congenital genetic diseases often have developmental abnormalities in their reproductive organs and other organs. Those with azoospermia caused by trauma or surgery, in addition to medical history, may have clinical signs (such as changes in the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, etc.). Most patients, besides having azoospermia as detected by routine semen analysis, do not have significant abnormalities in sexual function or other aspects.